Monday 12 December 2011

Grammar Lesson

Let’s learn grammar

1.Nouns
·         Nouns are naming words. They are the names of people, animals, places and things. 
  •     Common nouns
Names of things in general
Example: man, girl, chicken, house, jungle, cake.
  • Proper nouns
  Special names of things
Example: Malaysia, Puan Marina, Batu Caves, Honda, Kitty.

Countable nouns and Uncountable nouns
Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted.
Example: flowers, biscuits, trees, girls, babies, glasses, watches
Uncountable nouns are things that cannot be counted.
Example: water, tea, sugar, flour, salt, sand, oil.


2. Articles
A, an and the are articles.

Definite articles
The is used to refer to:
  • ·         A particular person, animal, place or thing.
       Example: the school, the teacher

  • ·         Nouns that exist as one of its kind
        Example: the sun, the moon, the sky

  • ·         Nouns in the highest degree (superlative)
       Example: the highest, the biggest
  • The is not used with proper nouns.

Indefinite articles
  • A and an are used with singular nouns only.
  • ·         A is used with nouns beginning with consonants-b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z
       Example: a balloon, a zoo, a wall
  • ·         A is also used with nouns beginning with ‘u’ when it is pronounced as ‘yew’.
       Example: a uniform, a university

  • ·         An is used with nouns beginning with vowels-a,e,i,o,u,
        Example: an okra, an umbrella, an egg

  • ·         An is also used with nouns beginning with the silent ‘h’.
        Example: an hour, an honour



3. Conjunctions
Conjunctions are joining words. A conjunction join words, phrases, and sentences together. And, but, because, so, or are conjunctions.  


and
Example:
  • She has a purse and a comb in her handbag.
  • He is young and handsome.
  • Ali and Tim are staying in the hostel.
  • I walked to the door and knocked on it.

but
Example:
  •  I like chocolate but not sweets.
  • They are not well but they do not want to see a doctor.
  • My grandfather is old but strong.

or
Example:
  • Is this pencil yours or mine?
  • You may sit in front or at the back.


because
Example:
  • John's mother was angry because he had told her a lie.
  • We are excited because we are going to visit the museum.

so
Example:
  • He lost his wallet so he did not have any money to buy the book.


4. Prepositions
A preposition is used to show the location or direction of a noun or pronoun.
  • Show location 
Example: in, on, under, beside, between, in front of, at the back, next to, against, among, at, behind 
(a) He parked his car in front of the house.
(b) His house is next to mine.

  • Show direction
Example: to, from, across, through, around, away, up, down
(a) They are running to the gate.
(b) She is walking down the  stairs.









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