Let’s learn grammar
1.Nouns
· Nouns are naming words. They are the names of people, animals, places and things.
- Common nouns
Names of things in general
Example: man, girl, chicken, house, jungle, cake.
- Proper nouns
Special names of things
Example: Malaysia, Puan Marina, Batu Caves, Honda, Kitty.
Countable nouns and Uncountable nouns
Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted.
Example: flowers, biscuits, trees, girls, babies, glasses, watches
Uncountable nouns are things that cannot be counted.
Example: water, tea, sugar, flour, salt, sand, oil.
2. Articles
A, an and the are articles.
Definite articles
The is used to refer to:
- · A particular person, animal, place or thing.
Example: the school, the teacher
- · Nouns that exist as one of its kind
Example: the sun, the moon, the sky
- · Nouns in the highest degree (superlative)
Example: the highest, the biggest
- The is not used with proper nouns.
Indefinite articles
- A and an are used with singular nouns only.
- · A is used with nouns beginning with consonants-b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z
Example: a balloon, a zoo, a wall
- · A is also used with nouns beginning with ‘u’ when it is pronounced as ‘yew’.
Example: a uniform, a university
- · An is used with nouns beginning with vowels-a,e,i,o,u,
Example: an okra, an umbrella, an egg
- · An is also used with nouns beginning with the silent ‘h’.
Example: an hour, an honour
3. Conjunctions
Conjunctions are joining words. A conjunction join words, phrases, and sentences together. And, but, because, so, or are conjunctions.
and
Example:
3. Conjunctions
Conjunctions are joining words. A conjunction join words, phrases, and sentences together. And, but, because, so, or are conjunctions.
and
Example:
- She has a purse and a comb in her handbag.
- He is young and handsome.
- Ali and Tim are staying in the hostel.
- I walked to the door and knocked on it.
but
Example:
- I like chocolate but not sweets.
- They are not well but they do not want to see a doctor.
- My grandfather is old but strong.
or
Example:
- Is this pencil yours or mine?
- You may sit in front or at the back.
because
Example:
- John's mother was angry because he had told her a lie.
- We are excited because we are going to visit the museum.
so
Example:
- He lost his wallet so he did not have any money to buy the book.
4. Prepositions
A preposition is used to show the location or direction of a noun or pronoun.
- Show location
Example: in, on, under, beside, between, in front of, at the back, next to, against, among, at, behind
(a) He parked his car in front of the house.
(b) His house is next to mine.- Show direction
Example: to, from, across, through, around, away, up, down
(a) They are running to the gate.
(b) She is walking down the stairs.
